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Chest Compressions - Adult (8+ years)

If the heart stops, it is possible to return at least some blood flow to the circulatory system through external compression of the chest cavity. External compression increases pressure in the chest and directly compresses the heart, forcing blood to move from the chest and heart to the rest of the body.

Symptoms

Steps

To begin compressions on an adult, position the person face up on a firm, flat surface. Kneel next to the chest. Position your knees as close to the person’s side as possible and about shoulder’s width apart.

Place the heel of one hand on the middle center of the chest, slightly above the point where both sides of the ribs meet. (lower half of the breastbone)

Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first. Your fingers can be straight or interlaced, but keep them off the chest.

Bring your shoulders up and directly over your hands. Straighten your arms, lock your elbows, and push straight down to a depth of at least 2 inches.

Relax and allow the chest to fully recoil. Without pausing, continue into the down stroke of the next compression.

Use your upper body weight to forcibly continue compressing at a rate of at least 100 compressions per minute.

Warnings

When compressing properly, you may hear a sound like knuckles cracking and feel your hands shift. This is caused by cartilage or ribs cracking and is not serious.

Forceful external chest compression is critical if the person is to survive.

Compressions can be tiring. Take turns performing them with other bystanders. Change places quickly to minimize interruption.

Tips

To maximize internal blood flow, continue to push hard and push fast. Allow the chest to fully expand at the top of each compression.

Rescuers who have difficulty pushing hard can hold the wrist of the hand on the chest with the other hand and push down with both.

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